The field of immunology has long benefitted from studies in model organisms: Metchnikoff first described phagocytosis in sea star larva; seminal work in chickens defined the roles of B and T lymphocytes; and Drosophila mutants revealed the importance of pattern recognition receptors.  These findings have not only re-defined our understanding of animal immune responses but also inform studies with direct relevance to human health.  In the face of a changing climate, both wildlife and domesticated species used globally in aquaculture and agriculture face severe challenges. Studying organisms that are either directly threatened or species used in industry can provide unique insight into immunobiology, medicine and evolution and the potential for novel therapeutics.